Fortunately, most new fonts are in the OpenType (.otf) format, which works in all current operating systems and most up-to-date software. To use Unicode, you will need a Unicode fonts. That means having a font that includes them and a way to type them. In most cases, use of Unicode will happen without any user effort until it comes to making sure you can enter the special characters and diacritics necessary for transliteration. In general, the older the operating system or software, the less it will support Unicode. There are several methods for entering Unicode in a document, some more complex than others. Even in software that supports Unicode, the degree of compliance can vary from one version to the next. Users of recent versions of all major operating systems can use Unicode without much effort, and most, though not all, software supports it. (Click here for an indication of the scripts currently included, and here for those not yet included in the Unicode standard.) Not all fonts are Unicode fonts, and not all Unicode fonts have all possible characters. This caused problems when a user changed or did not have a document's original font, leading to incorrect glyphs (or nothing at all) appearing in the place of specific characters or symbols. In older font technologies, each font might designate glyphs with codes that meant something else (or nothing at all) in another font. Thus, no matter what Unicode font is being used, software will always use precisely the symbol being called for (assuming that the font has that glyph). Put simply, Unicode is a method of programming fonts that assigns a unique code to every symbol in every writing system. What is Unicode? The explanation at is a good place to begin. While we have tested most of what follows, and we have no reason to think that any of it will cause problems, we assume no responsibility for any negative effects that might be caused to any software or hardware by downloading, installing or using any of it. The fonts and keyboard layouts listed below will help to solve these issues.

Even when a font does have everything needed, it is not always easy to enter the more obscure characters or to figure out how to get a dot under a T or Z. Unfortunately, not all fonts have all the required characters. Authors of Mamlūk Studies Review articles are asked to use Unicode fonts and proper diacritics.

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